The Art Of The Renaissance Essay Research Paper Example For Students

The Art Of The Renaissance Essay Research Paper The Art of The Renaissance by Maria Large Did you know that most likely the most famous painting in the world, the Mona Lisa, was painted in the time of the Renaissance? The oil painting of the straight faced woman (or man), painted by the famous Leonardo De Vinci, is said to be painted between 1503 to 1506. No one knows who the person in the painting is. No one even knows whether or not it is De Vinci himself, a relative or even a man or a woman! The English name Mona Lisa, came from a description by Renaissance Art historian Giorgio Vassar. We will write a custom essay on The Art Of The Renaissance Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There were many exquisite paintings done in the time period of the Renaissance. Im going to briefly tell you what happened in the time of the Renaissance and what styles or cultural aspects influenced these talented artists. Also, how their faith reflected the artwork they made. The Renaissance first occurred in Italy, spreading throughout the countries starting approximately in the sasss and ending around the sasss. It was after the Middle Ages and after the Black Death had swept through many countries and eventually ending up in Europe killing 1. O 4 million people in total. The Renaissance was a new uprising, it displayed many things, such as freedom, independence, creativity, the rebirth of classical learning, the rediscovery of ancient Rome and Greece, and many other things. In the Middle Ages there were only certain religions allowed and certain ways of living. The people thought of the Middle Ages as a dark time but the Renaissance changed all that. They no longer wanted the o ld ways so they changed many aspects and ways of living in this time period, including there own language. The Renaissance artwork was typically not done for fun or as a hobby. It was usually used to make money or made for religious reasons. Only the paintings done by the masters hand would sell for big money, all others being of little value. Back then, the church was a big part of the income, resulting in many paintings that were religious themed. They would sell their artwork to cathedrals and churches for money. Most of the paintings were based off the Life of Christ, the Life of the Virgin, the Life of the Saint or Salvation. The paintings brought new ideas to artwork such as a sense of space, which makes your eye see 3 dimensional and also the use of perspective. A big part of the art of the Renaissance was religious based. The way the artists painted these paintings portrayed faith very well, even to the point of making the humanists think spirituality instead of thinking with human individuality. There were many famous religious paintings done in the time of the Renaissance such as Leonardo De Vines paintings called, The Last Supper and Virgin of the Rocks. Another famous piece of art, is the painting of the Sistine Chapel Ceiling by Michelangelo. Also among his famous works are his sculptures, David, representing the David in the bible and Pieta, showing Jesus dead body in the arms of his mother Mary. An interesting fact about the paintings is that in the Middle Ages, because of the strong dedication to Catholicism, they were not allowed to study the human body. After the Middle Ages ended, because people had more freedom of religion, people started studying the human body, which resulted in paintings that coked much more realistic. As you have seen, the Renaissance was a very big historical change for the people of that time as well as the people of today. I have only mentioned a few of the many pieces of artwork created during the Renaissance. The artists and their paintings are still remembered to this day. The styles of their artwork have affected how people create there own art today. We can learn from the styles they used, their use of perspective, colors that showed the time period, and even small things added to their ark that changed the whole picture itself. .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a , .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a .postImageUrl , .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a , .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a:hover , .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a:visited , .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a:active { border:0!important; } .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a:active , .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0ff34bce4159f6f03f23d0db245cb72a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Change In Art - Expressive Cultures EssayIn one sense, the art of the Renaissance could be said to be the true beginning of art and the pathway that was set for the future artwork that is created today. References: Art and Expression- Renaissance Art by Maria Lacy Kitchen Oracle Think Quest- The Renaissance Period by (unknown) Web Gallery of Art- Welcome to the Gallery by Emil Kern and Daniel Marx Renaissance by Thomas J. Choke, Harold E. Damager and Jose Marie Devalue BBC News- Is Ad Vines Mona Lisa a self-portrait? By Nick Watt and Mama Snappily

Free Essays on The Gift of Life

Specific Purpose: To persuade the audience to become an organ donor. Introduction: I. If you were handed the power to save someon's life, I hope you would take it. A.What you might not realize is that you all do have the power to save someone's life. 1.We all have valuable organs that we can donate after we die. 2.There is a huge need for life saving organs. B.Many people would still be alive today if they had received a needed organ. 1.When we die, we have no need for our organs. 2.There are many people who could use our organs. II.Today, I am going to tell you how to become a life saver. A.I am going to discuss the huge need for organs. B.I am going to tell you what organs can be donated. C.I am going to tell you how to become an organ donor. D.Finally, I hope to leave you with a desire to become an organ donor. Body:I.Organ transplantation is one of the most remarkable sucess stories in the history of medicine. A.Transplantation of organs is no longer considered experimental. B. According to LifeGift, an organ donation center, there are approximately 20,000 organ transplants performed every year in the U.S. II.The need for donated organs and tissues continues to outpace the supply. A.According to an article in Hospitals and Health Networks, of the 37,609 people who needed an organ transplant in 1995, less than half received one. 1.LifeGift states that currently over 53,000 people are waiting for an organ in the U.S. 2.Every 16 minutes, another name is added to the waiting list. III.With the recent advances in medicine, almost anything can be transplanted. A.The Coalition on Donation website states that one donor can help more than 50 people. 1.A kidney can free two people from dialysis. 2.Your heart could beat for someone else. 3.Your corneas could give sight to two people. III. If a person suddenly dies, it is up to his/her family to decide if his/her organs should be donated. A.According to a Government Press Release, only about h... Free Essays on The Gift of Life Free Essays on The Gift of Life Specific Purpose: To persuade the audience to become an organ donor. Introduction: I. If you were handed the power to save someon's life, I hope you would take it. A.What you might not realize is that you all do have the power to save someone's life. 1.We all have valuable organs that we can donate after we die. 2.There is a huge need for life saving organs. B.Many people would still be alive today if they had received a needed organ. 1.When we die, we have no need for our organs. 2.There are many people who could use our organs. II.Today, I am going to tell you how to become a life saver. A.I am going to discuss the huge need for organs. B.I am going to tell you what organs can be donated. C.I am going to tell you how to become an organ donor. D.Finally, I hope to leave you with a desire to become an organ donor. Body:I.Organ transplantation is one of the most remarkable sucess stories in the history of medicine. A.Transplantation of organs is no longer considered experimental. B. According to LifeGift, an organ donation center, there are approximately 20,000 organ transplants performed every year in the U.S. II.The need for donated organs and tissues continues to outpace the supply. A.According to an article in Hospitals and Health Networks, of the 37,609 people who needed an organ transplant in 1995, less than half received one. 1.LifeGift states that currently over 53,000 people are waiting for an organ in the U.S. 2.Every 16 minutes, another name is added to the waiting list. III.With the recent advances in medicine, almost anything can be transplanted. A.The Coalition on Donation website states that one donor can help more than 50 people. 1.A kidney can free two people from dialysis. 2.Your heart could beat for someone else. 3.Your corneas could give sight to two people. III. If a person suddenly dies, it is up to his/her family to decide if his/her organs should be donated. A.According to a Government Press Release, only about h...

Security Contemporary Issues Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Security Contemporary Issues - Research Paper Example The paper will then explore how the issues affect security operations, make proposals for solving the identified issues, and provide necessary measures for successful implementation. Identified issues One of the major issues that face and threaten organizations’ security is the presence of hackers into private information systems. Hackers can be individuals or groups of people who illegally gain access to organizations’ systems with the ill will of extracting information. Technological revolution that has led to overreliance on technology to process and store information enhances the risk because large volumes of information are electronically compressed and stored in centralized locations in easily portable capacity. This makes it even easier for hackers, if they succeed in gaining access to the source of information, to obtain large volumes of information. Even though access to information can be gained by physically breaking into an organization’s information centre, electronic information, and communication system that is globally linked, only requires security access checks before data can be accessed from any location. Threat to information security by hackers is therefore a major problem that has been facing ever organization (Armonk, 2012). Poor technology for ensuring security against external attacks on an organization’s security is another major issue. Though major security threats have always been known to organization, the major problem has been how to tackle the threats. IBM, a security firm, identifies the use of inappropriate technology as a barrier to controlling security breaches. Either organizations lack the capacity to acquire protective technologies or they do not have the capacity to integrate available technologies to maximize security levels (Armonk, 2012). How the issues relate to and affect security operations The issues have direct relations to security operations. Since the major role of the security depa rtment is to ensure that an organization’s assets are protected, a failure in this role implies failure by the department to meet its responsibilities. While the whole organization bears the loss due to the breach, the security department is the one that is directly held accountable. Consequently, any security breach has great impacts in the operations of the security department in an organization. An immediate impact of a security breach on security operations is an induced need to respond to the breach. This is normally aimed at either stopping the breach, if it is still in progress or developing strategies for identification and elimination of vulnerabilities in the security department (Cisco, 2001). A security breach will also result into launched investigation over the nature and extent of damage caused by the breach. The department must also review the situation for measures of preventing further attacks. Another impact of security beach on the operations of the securit y department is the intrusion into the department’s activities by ‘outsiders’. The information technology department will for instance be involved in security operations. The department, especially after an electronic breach, will have to be invited to make new installations and improvements on technology systems. Law enforcement agencies will similarly be involved in the department’s operations for criminal investigations. Security breaches therefore imply induced

Television talent shows Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Television talent shows - Essay Example Discussion Television shows like X-factor add value to the British music industry Modern artists’ debate on the role of televisions shows like X factor talent television in British music industry. Some argue that such television shows add value to the industry and others oppose the claim and suggest that these shows only damage the face of the music industry in recent and future years, (Davis and Hall, 2008, p.87). These in favor of talent television show assert that television shows such as X factor have enormous advantages to the British music industry. The reality of the shoes provides winners and stats with an opportunity to be plucked from mundane, obscure lives and put them into a cauldron of media, until voted out of the show – by the public – in a dramatic way. The hope of a guaranteed recording prize of contract with marketing advantage is increasingly successful as a motivation to engage willing artists at a reduced cost. For instance, X factor provides successful competitors a critical gate pass into the industry of music and gives them an opportunity for recognition. TV synchronizes acts as a crucial opportunity, for instance, beyond the literal advantage in terms of branding artist opportunities and extra income, in one spin of a prominent show, emerging artists and music that may not have had a greater exposure and popularity is faster thrust on many audience, (Cowlin, 2010, p.52). Similarly, through the talent television shows artists have a chance to gain popularity, attain significant growth, and increase their fan base. For instance, X-factor talent shows has assisted in putting live music forward towards the front of the mass consciousness, through making television content from selection of talents. The show has also provided chances for squeezed record labels to propel losing finalists work to markets with reduced costs and risks. This is because of television shows exposure such artists have received and the fan base c reated. This brings a crucial and incredible growth of British music industry in terms of popularity and artists branding. Experts agree that the X-factor alumni bankability plays a crucial role in the industry’s commercial allure, and various other British music industries have began to realize the importance of enrolling their artists in television shows because talent show mentors and performers may have an extensive effect on music industry sales. Television shows such as X-factor add value or are crucial to British music industry because in a highly fragmented media world, the talent show is among the few mass-market strategies for exposing artists to the wider public. For instance, with the prominent Pops and other public media markets demise, the X-factor remains as the only strategy for pop and rock artists mainstream to expose artists and their music to the mass music markets and other public audience, (Holmes, 200, p.56). Talent television shows have over 15 million viewers at a time and it is crucial for various artists to get on these shows as a way of linking to family viewers that are increasingly crucial to music selling and expansion. X-factor show and other shows serves as ‘water cooler’ framework as featured artist enormously benefit from massive press coverage, therefore, the benefit of series appearance can be an extensive advantage, (Davis and Hall, 2008, p.87). Similarly, the shows engage people with the music and make youths enthusiastic about

Reading and Writing about Arguments session long progect Essay

Reading and Writing about Arguments session long progect - Essay Example Therefore, coming down 6 hours later, there was no reflection on the road to warn any approaching driver and needless to say, I ended up colliding head on with the boulders surrounding the still wet culvert. As you stated earlier on, the reason for your refusal to indemnify me is that the council should be responsible for compensation of my wrecked car. However, my argument is simple, my car is insured with you, I have paid all my premiums on time and up to date, there was no negligence on my part; hence, I want to be compensated in the shortest time possible and you may want to in turn get compensated by the municipal. However, as per our agreement, I have no contractual agreement with the municipal to compensate me in case of any loss. Therefore, as far as I am concerned, you will need to honor my claim and then later you may want to settle your own case with the municipal authorities to get compensated because the case was clear cut; there was no negligence on my part (Hawken, Angela; Carroll, Stephen J; Abrahamse, Allan F; Institute for Civil Justice (U.S.), 2001). This is not a threat but a warning to you that in case this pull-and-tag war with the municipal authorities is costing me dearly and interrupting my life and I may have to sue you if this continues. Over this waiting period, I have had to use a taxi every night going home and in the morning going to work and it is very expensive. The costs have been piling up as time drags and therefore, I would much appreciate if you could honor our contractual agreement as soon as possible because this loss is deeply negatively affecting my life. That is the reason I am warning that if you do not issue me with a written promise to indemnify me in the shortest time possible, I will initiate a law suit. However, over the past five years that I have been paying my premiums, I have personally come to know your company

Konigsberg Bridge Problem

Konigsberg Bridge Problem The earliest paper on graph theory seems to be by Leonard Euler,Solutio problematic ad situs pertinentis,Commentarii Academetarii Scientiarum Imperialist Petropolitanae 8 (1736),128-140.Euler discusses whether or not it is possible to scroll around Konigsberg(later called the Pregolya exactly once. Euler gave the conditions which are necessary to permit such a stroll. Thomas Pennyngton Kirkman (1856) and Wiliam Roman Hamilton (1856) studied trips which certain sites exactly once. History of Euler paths and cycles An Eulerian path is a path in a graph which visits each edge exactly once in the theory graph .so, in the same way, an Eulerian circuit is an Eulerian path which starts and ends on the same vertex. They were first discussing by Leohard Eular while solving the famous Seven Bridges of Konigsberg problem in 1736. Mathematically the problem can be stated like this: Given the graph on the right, is it possible to construct a path (or a cycle for example, a path starting and ending on the same vertex) which visits each edge exactly once Graphs which allow the manufacture of so called Eulerian cycles are called Eulerian graphs. Euler observed that a necessary condition for the existence of Eulerian cycles is that all vertices in the graph have an even degree, and that for an Eulerian path either all, or all but two (i.e., the two endpoint) vertices have an even degree; this means the Konigsberg graph is not Eulerian. Carl Heierholzer published the first complete characterization of Eulerian graphs in 1873, by proving that in fact the Eulerian graphs are exactly the graphs which are connected and where every vertex has an even degree. Example using euler in our daily life is using in the teaching for set theory that widely use in the schools. Another example is to visualizing file system organization.it will allows files to appear in more than one directory in a computers file system. The history of the Konigsberg Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) is considered to have been the father of graph theory. His paper in 1736 on the seven bridges of Konigsberg is considered to have been the foundational paper in the subject. Konigsberg is a town, founded in 1256, that was originally in Prussia. After a stormy history, the town became part of Soviet Union and was renames Kaliningrad in 1946. In any event, during Eulers time the town had seven bridges (named Kramer, Schmiede, Holz, Hohe, Honig, Kottel, and Grunespanning) spanning the Pregel River. Figure 8.1 gives a simplified picture of how the bridges were originally configured (two of the bridges were later destroyed during World War II, and two other demolished by the Russians. History of Hamiltonian: Hamiltonian is introduced by Sir William Rowan Hamilton at 1857. He made a game called around the world and the originally in form of solid called dodecahedron. It has 20corners/for each corner, it called as town. The problem started when the travel started from one city to another city along the edge to arrive at city by only once arrived at one city. This is how the Hamiltonian is appearing. There is example of using Hamiltonian in life such as no-complete, n-cube and traveling salesman problem. Two types of Hamiltonian are Hamiltonian path and Hamiltonian cycle Introduction Path Path is the sequences of alternating vertices and edges. Which begin from a vertex and ended with a vertex. Each vertex is preceded and followed by its endpoints. Simple path Simple path is a path such that all its vertices and edges are distinct. Below is a graph that gives differences between path and simple path. Path 1: v,b,x,h,z(simple path) Path 2 : u,c, w,f,y,g,x,e,d,v(path) Example of path is the way of bus direction from one destination to another destination. In other hand, simple path is a path that no complicated for example the direction from faculty of FTSM to faculty of FUU. Cycle Circle is a circular sequence of alternating vertices and edges. Each edges is preceded and followed by its endpoints. Simple cycle Simple cycle is a cycle such that all its vertices and edges are distinct. Cycle: u,c,w,e,x,g,f,w,d,v,a,u Simple cycle:v,b,x,g,y,f,w,c,u,a,v, Example of using cycle in life is when we travel to another place then come back to our home with using the different ways. Another example in ukm is the bus ways for example bus zone 2 will make a circle to take student and will come back to the initial location where the busy will take a rest. For simple cycle, we always see in sport, such as the court for athletes running especially in event of 400 * 100 meters. Then, we also can see in power plant program that is simple cycle power plant (pp) program. It gives much benefit such as optimized design, reduced engineering costs, short lead times, increase availability and fast startups also high operational flexibility. Connected Graph Connected graph is a graph that there exists a path between all pairs of vertices. If a graph is a directed graph, there exist a path between vertexes to each other that in the graph, is called as strongly connected graph. The examples of disconnected graphs: Example of using connected graph is use in building. For example Menara Berkembar Petronas, there is a bridge to connect the two buildings. Another example is the bridge of Pulau Pinang. First use to connect the island and peninsular Malaysia. Example of disconnected graph is other hand than connected graph. For example the building of one employee is not connected by bridge with another employee. Next, the Island of Sipadan is not connected by a bridge with Borneo land. An Euler path in a graph is a path which traverses each edge of the graph exactly once. An Euler cycle is an Euler path which is contains cycle. If there are no loop graphs, without isolated vertices, the continuation of an Euler path implies the connected of the graph, since traversing every edge of such a graph requires visiting each vertex at least once. But, when the connected graph has an Euler path, one can be constructed by applying Fleurys algorithm. A connected graph has an Euler path if it has exactly zero or two vertices of odd degree. If every vertex has even degree, the graph has an Euler cycle. The definition and properties of Euler paths, cycles and graphs are valid for multigraph as well. The seven bridge of Konigsberg In Konigsberg, Germany, a river ran through the city such that in its centre was an island, and after passing the island, the river broke into two parts. Seven bridges were built, so that the people of the city could get from one part to another part. A crude map of the centre of Konigsberg might look like this: The people wondered whether or not, one could walk around the city in a way that would involve crossing each bridge exactly once. Degree of vertex Term of degree of vertex in graph theory is the number of edges which connected to a vertex. Degree of vertex also known as local degree. The list of all degree of vertex is called as degree sequences. One way to find the number of vertex is count the number of degree for each vertex that endpoint. An easy way is draw a circle around the vertex and count the number of edges that cross the circle. The degree of vertex can be add or even. if the degree of vertex is even, it is known as degree vertex and the other hand, if the degree of vertex is odd, the vertex is called an odd vertex. To find out the degree of graph is by choose the largest degree of vertex. Example graph with have odd and even vertex: Example degree of vertex is application of roundabout because there are many roads that connected. Either the value is odd or even. The road can be representing as edges and the roundabout as the vertex. Another example is the number of use degree of vertex in electrical pole such as the number of wire connected to the one pole. Hamiltonian path: Hamiltonian path is also called as traceable path. Hamiltonian path is a path that visits each vertex exactly one and not repeated for each vertex in a graph. Hamiltonian graph us use to solve a problem when find a path that only visited each vertex only one in a graph. Hamiltonian cycle: Hamiltonian cycle is a cycle that goes through the entire city (vertex) only once for a graph. It cannot be repeated to reach a city for a one cycle except the starting and the ended city. Results of research and real world examples Graphs can be used to represent oil flow in pipes, traffic flow on motorways, transport of pollution by rivers, groundwater movement of contamination, biochemical pathways, and the underground network. The example of Euler path: There are many useful applications to Euler circuits and paths. Networks can be used to solve many difficult problems, like the Konigsberg Bridge problem. The can also used by mail carrier who wants to have a route where they do not retrace any of their previous steps. Other than that, Euler circuits and paths are also useful to painters, garbage collector, airplanes pilots and world navigators. Below are the examples of how Euler circuit and paths are useful in the real world. The maps that pilots use are called route maps. The route maps show the paths of the airplanes from one destination to another. Here is an example of actual route map. The centre for all travel with this airline is in Denver, Colorado. From there, we can travel to some of the major cities in the surrounding states. The Navigation below is a trip to see all different regions of the world. The above regions of the world have all been given different colors. Each region also has been given marked with a node or vertex and some (but not all) of the regions are connected with arcs. Conclusions and recommendations As the conclusion towards this particular project, the study of graphs and their properties is a classical subject in most computer science department around the world. Graph Theory can be further exploited by object-oriented software engineering, taking advantage of recent research in various fields. Other than that, Graph theory is one of the top reasons to learn linear Algebra. So, all graphs (included directed, weighted, and multi-graphs) can be represented intuitive by adjency matrices, and matrix operations often end up being meaningful in terms of graph they represent. Seeing the connection between a graph and its matrix helps to understand both of them, and being able to switch back and forth between mental models is often useful. For example, a person in many fields of modeling, are mostly easily thought of the weight graphs, and are most easily manipulated as matrices. By learning the entire graph, the student can get many benefits by it especially the computer science student. So, our recommendation towards this topic in order to make the student easy to learn and improve themselves are for example, ask the student to make a lot of exercise. Other than that, ask them to make an assignment about this topic. So that the student can search many information based on this topic and become more familiar and understand about graph theory

Farmland Industries Inc. Essay -- essays research papers fc

Introduction Today, when we hear the slogans "better farming, better food," or "proud to be farmer owned" one company comes to mind, Farmland Industries. We may think of this of this fortune 500 company as a leading agricultural powerhouse, which it is, however, it was not always that way. Background Farmland Industries Inc. was founded by Howard A. Cowden, who was born and raised in Southwestern Missouri. Cowden started young in the cooperative business by working for the Missouri Farmers Association (MFA). However; in October of 1927, he had resigned from the position of secretary for the MFA and started out on his own. Immediately following, Cowden received the MFA oil contract that previously had been held with Standard Oil Company, and Cowden was now in the wholesale oil business. On January 27, 1928, Cowden Oil Company was founded. This business was moved to Kansas City, Missouri in late 1928. In January of 1929, Cowden Oil Company was dissolved and Union Oil Company (Cooperative) was formed. It was clear that Cowden had planned to do more than just buy and sell oil to local cooperatives. A board of directors was created to run the company, yet Cowden retained full control over the company that he had created. Cowden started recruiting smaller companies to join their cooperative by signing contracts to sell certain amounts of Union’s products. In 1929, Union Oil Company had purchased its first land. "The Two Car Garage," as it is referred to, was the building that they had purchase to become their new home. In 1935, Union Oil Company changed its name to Consumers Cooperative Association (CCA). CO-OP was decided to be its official logo. In October of 1956, CCA moved to their new home on North Oak Trafficway, in Kansas City, and the company was ready for major business. In June of 1961, Howard A. Cowden retired as President of CCA and Homer Young stepped in to fill his shoes. In early to mid 1966, CCA changed its name again. This time to Farmland Industries, Inc., however; they still kept that CO-OP symbol for a trademark. CCA now emphasized much of its business to fertilizer, petroleum and commercial feed. This business only grew and grew for them. "By 1967, Farmland Industries had manufacturing fac... ...nternational consumer needs to be confident that they are getting excellent product at a competitive price. Farmland Industries is the crucial link between these two segments of the market. It is a system that has proven strong for many decades and promises to be strong for many more. WORKS CITED Alm, Rick. "Gamblin’ on the River." The Kansas City Star Almanac. 1996. Cabrera, Mario. Telephone interview. 20 Nov. 1996. Fite, Gilbert C. Beyond the Fence Rows. University of Missouri Press, Columbia, Missouri, 1978. Fite, Gilbert C. Farm to Factory. University of Missouri Press, Columbia, Missouri, 1965. Hartke, Debby. "Farmland’s Harry Cleberg: Agri-marketer of the year." Agri Marketing June 1996: A-D. Tolley, Warren D. E-mail to the author. 8 October, 1996. "Top 125 Area Private Companies-Part I." Kansas City Business Journal 14 June 1996: 20-24. Appendix 1992 Annual Report. The Farmland Cooperative System, 1993. 1994 Annual Report. The Farmland Cooperative System, 1995. 1995 Annual Report. The Farmland Cooperative System, 1996. "We Bring Quality to the Table" The Farmland Cooperative System. 1996: 61 U.S. Bureau of the Census 1995.

Offshore Internet Gambling and the World Trade Organization Essay

Case Study Analysis of the Offshore Internet Gambling and the Wto Case Study Analysis: Offshore Internet Gambling and the World Trade Organization Running Head: Case Study Analysis of the Offshore Internet Gambling and the WTO Case Study Analysis: Offshore Internet Gambling and the World Trade Organization Ayman Naguib Abstract This case study analysis discusses the central issue of the case presented in the article, as well as the most relevant facts and assumptions with respect to the case under investigation. Furthermore, patterns that arise from reflection on these facts and assumptions with relation to external environment perspectives are described. The analysis also examines the consequences of not addressing the central issue of the case, and provides suggested actions in order to resolve it in the short and long term. Introduction The World Trade Organization (WTO) has been established as the world’s single international organization dealing with the rules and regulations governing trade between nations. In principal, the WTO is concerned with helping producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business within a competitive, non-discriminatory, open and transparent global trade framework. However, in reality, achieving these objectives is far from being e asy. The complexity of the WTO agreements signed by the majority of the world’s trading nations and collisions with national legislative frameworks, economic policies of the individual member states and political issues are the main hurdles in the way of achieving the objectives of the WTO. Consequently, several disputes have surfaced during the past decade. One of the most remarkable cases involved the Offshore Internet Gambling activities that take place in Antigua, a Caribbean island state. The importance of this case can be attributed to the fact that it was the first attempt by the WTO to examine cross-border electronic services as has been shown by Pontell, H., Geis, G., and Brown, G. (2007). The roots of the dispute between the USA and Antigua are undoubtedly related to the criminal prosecution of Jay Cohen, an American citizen that cofounded and ran an online gambling business licensed in Antigua. The basis of the prosecution was an alleged violation of the US Wire Act (U.S. Code, Title 18  §1604) (United States v. Cohen, 2001). The aforementioned statue was enacted in 1961, decades before the internet became publicly accessible. Antigua claimed that the USA has been using the complexity and opacity of its own legal system to deflect attention from the fundamental issue which is to retain revenues from internet Running Head: Case Study Analysis of the Offshore Internet Gambling and the WTO gambling within the US, which contradicts with the USA’s obligations as per the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) that the USA ratified. On the other hand, the USA claimed that the disputed activity poses financial and social threats to its citizens. Identification of the Central Issue While the GATS explicitly concedes the right of sovereign states to regulate and to devise laws on the supply of services within their countries to meet national policies and strategies (Krajweski and Marcus, 2003), aligning such regulations, legislative instruments and policies to the commitments of the individual states that are signatory to the GATS and vice versa is often a problematic affair that has led to a majority of the recent disputes handled by the WTO. This is clearly the case in the Internet Gambling dispute. Another issue is maintaining a balance between the special needs of developing and poorer countries and those of the richer and already developed countries, as far as the liberalization of service trade is concerned. Notably, a study of the WTO dispute settlement cases during the period from 1995 to 2006 (World Trade Organization [WTO], 2006) shows that the USA has been involved in approximately 38% of all disputes handled by the organization during that period. Most of these disputes involved developing countries. Notable Facts and Assumptions Based on a study of the facts and assumptions stated in the article, the following facts can be identified: ï‚ · ï‚ · The GATS was applicable to betting and gambling and the USA was in violation of the GATS treaty; The WTO mechanism allows sovereign states to restrict that trade of certain products or services that are deemed to pose risks to public morals and/or public order, provided that such products or services are the production of such products or rendering of such services should not be allowed domestically. However, as far as the USA is involved, gambling activities are permitted in several states, such as Nevada, Michigan and Ohio, amongst others; The American legal framework is complicated and somehow obscure due to the variation between State level laws and Federal laws; and The USA has ratified the GATS without making exclusions pertaining to gambling activities, unlike the Senegal which made an explicit exclusion in its agreement to rule out crossborder betting (WTO, 2005, p. 63); Similarly, the following assumptions can be pointed out: ï‚ · Antigua has demonstrated that it has devised rules and regulations aiming at addressing, as far as reasonably practicable, the concerns over fraud and under-age betting. In fact, the measures taken by the Antigua appear to be more stringent than those enforced within the US; Running Head: Case Study Analysis of the Offshore Internet Gambling and the WTO ï‚ · Suspicions have arisen as to the true motives behind the USA’s claims, which could indicate that the claim was driven by the desire to retain revenues generated from internet gambling; and Restrictions that the USA tried to impose over Internet gambling activities, would negatively affect the Antiguan economy. Arising Patterns and the External Environment The arising patterns suggest that on the technological environment, new technologies such as the internet and related technologies pose a challenge to national legislations and international regulatory frameworks which need to address the implications of such advancements. Furthermore, the political environment is affected by issues arising from the power that the more developed and rich nations try to exercise on poorer developing nations in order to enforce their national strategies, which can sometimes be in contradiction to the global inclination towards facilitating the growth of developing nations. As far as the economic environment is concerned, the consequences of such disputes may be greatly harmful for developing countries such as Antigua, compared to the impact it might have on developed nations such as the USA. For example, in 1999, 10 percent of Antigua’s gross national product (US$ 0.6 Billion) was generated from online gambling, which was equivalent to only 0.006 percent of the gross national product of the US during the same year. Consequences There are several consequences of not addressing the central issue identified in this analysis, the most significant amongst which is making agreements such as the GATS ineffective due to the collision between national interests of the more powerful countries and the brisk needs of developing countries. Furthermore, trade  imbalances and discriminatory global wealth distribution will be inevitable, which will clearly be inclined towards the more powerful and developed nations will have control. Recommended Actions In light of this analysis, the short-term actions that are suggested to resolve the central issue entail working towards streamlining the internet gambling business in Antigua in collaboration with the USA to ensure that concerns over fraud and underage gambling is reasonably addressed. Furthermore, the USA should adopt a more transparent approach that avoids double standards in deeming the legality of internet gambling. On the long term, an international framework is required in order to establish a more effective and transparent mechanism to maximise the alignment of national legislation with international treaties, without compromising the rights of each nation over its legislative instruments. Additionally, the WTO’s should enforce provisions that are meant to give developing nations a special and a more Running Head: Case Study Analysis of the Offshore Internet Gambling and the WTO lenient status when liberalisation of trade is concerned. These provisions should also be protected against unjust practices from developed nations. On the other hand, the WTO and particularly its developed nations’ members should assist developing countries to implement legislative reforms that ensure that such countries to achieve better governance and compliance in adopting more fair trade practices. Running Head: Case Study Analysis of the Offshore Internet Gambling and the WTO References CIA 2008. Antigua and Barbuda. The World Factbook, Updated August 7. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ac.html. Djordjevic M (2002) Domestic Regulation and Free Trade in Services – A Balancing Act. Legal issues on Economic Integration, vol 29, no 3. Krajweski, Marcus (2003). National Regulation and Trade Liberalization in Services: The Legal Impact of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) on National Regulatory Autonomy; Kluwer Law International, The Hague-London-New York. Lang, Andrew (2004) The GATS and Regulatory Autonomy:  A Case Study of Social regulation of the Water Industry, Journal of international Economic Law, 7(4). Mattoo Aaditya and Sauvà ¨, Pierre, Editors (2004. Domestic Regulation and Services Trade liberalization. World Bank and Oxford University Press. Pontell, H., Geis, G., and Brown, G. (2007). Offshore Internet gambling and the World Trade Organization: Is it criminal behavior or a commodity? International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 1(1), 119-136. Scott Sinclair and Jim Grieshaber-Otto (2002) Facing the Facts: A guide to the GATS Debate, Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, Ottawa. World Trade Organization (2007). WTO Dispute Settlement : One-Page Case Summaries : 1995September 2006. Geneva: WTO Publications.

Punishment and Rehabilitation

Punishment and Rehabilitation The legislators closely evaluate various methods of crime prevention. As a rule, they focus on such approaches as punishment and rehabilitation. This paper is aimed at discussing the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Punishment and Rehabilitation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Overall, one can argue that policy-makers should place more emphasis on rehabilitation since it is essential for the improvement of a person’s behavior. Nevertheless, this policy should be applicable to the individuals who are not convicted of felonies such as arson, murder, rape, or other aggravated crimes. This is the main argument that should be discussed more closely. At first, one should focus on punishment since this method has been the most widespread one in various countries, including the United States. This main advantage of this policy is that a person, who poses a significant threat to the society, can be fully isolated from the community. This argument is particularly relevant about people who committed serious felonies. Much attention should be paid to people convicted of homicide, rape, or child abuse (Waller, 2008, p. 265). For instance, some perpetrators of child abuse are very likely to commit this crime once again since therapy offered to these people is not very effective (Waller, 2008, p. 265). Under such circumstances, incarceration as a form of punishment seems to be the only option available to policy-makers. Furthermore, the victims can also demand retribution against people who inflicted suffering on them (Pollock, 2008, p. 60). In this case, punishment is a form of retributive justice. Nevertheless, there are significant weaknesses of this strategy. First of all, an individual, who might have committed some minor crime, can commit a recidivist offense. The incarceration does not produce significant changes in the behavior. It is more likel y that this individual can only become more deviant (Pollock, 2008). Furthermore, by focusing on punishment of offenders, the state can contribute to the increase of prison population (Kahan, 2008, p. 171). In turn, this policy can increase the burden carried by taxpayers. This is one of the main aspects that should be considered. In turn, it is possible to speak about rehabilitation. This strategy is based on the premise that an offender should have an opportunity to change or correct his/her behavior (Johnson Dipietro, 2012, p. 813). For instance, a person, who was pronounced guilty of storing drugs, should overcome the addition. Similarly, many crimes can be committed by people struggling with alcoholism.Advertising Looking for essay on common law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In turn, the rehabilitation is aimed at eliminating the factors that could have contributed to their crimes (Roesch, 2009, p. 110). The main strength of this policy is that it helps to reduce the rates of recidivism among convicted offenders (Johnson Dipietro, 2012). Nevertheless, this technique is relevant only in those cases, when a person does not pose a threat to the community. As it has been said before, the offenders are often required to undergo therapy. However, one cannot always ensure that this therapy prevents them from committing further offences. This argument is relevant if one speaks about perpetrators of child abuse. This is one of the risks that should be considered. Overall, these examples show that rehabilitation can be a more useful method of crime prevention since it reduces the risk of recidivism. In turn, the emphasis on punishment can lead to the increased governmental expenditures. Nevertheless, it is vital to remember that in many cases, law-enforcement agencies cannot rely on rehabilitation to make sure that an individual does harm other people. Therefore, the choice between rehabilitati on and punishment should be based on the study of a person’s background and the motives underlying his/her crime. Reference List Johnson, B., Dipietro, S. (2012). The power of diversion intermediate sanctions and sentencing disparity under presumptive guidelines. Criminology, 50(3), 811-850. Kahan, D. (2008). â€Å"Punishment Incommensurability†. In B. Waller (Ed.), You  decide!: current debates in criminal justice (pp. 167-175). New York, NY: Pearson Prentice Hall. Pollock, J. (2012). Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice. New York, NY: Cengage Learning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Punishment and Rehabilitation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Roesch, R. (2009). Forensic Psychology and Law. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Waller, B. (2008). Should There be Laws Requiring Registration and Community Notification for Convicted Sex Offenders. In B. Waller (Ed.), You decide!:  current debates in criminal justice (pp. 253-267). New York, NY: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Letter Recognition for Special Education

Letter Recognition for Special Education Letter recognition is the first skill a child needs to learn before beginning the task of learning decoding skills and then word recognition. Small children often learn to recognize the letters in their name first, and with that, they gain the understanding that letters, when put together, lead to meaning. Learning disabled children often do not. A reading disability can start anywhere on the chain that leads to reading fluency. It can often begin at the beginning: with letter recognition. Teachers sometimes make the mistake of â€Å"piling on,† trying to teach letter sounds at the same time as teaching letter recognition. Children who are clearly developmentally and intellectually ready to begin reading will quickly begin to see the relationship between letters and letter sounds. Learning disabled children will only find it confusing. Helping Learning Disabled Children with Letter Recognition: Consonants: When matching letters to pictures, stick to initial letter sounds for any letter matching and stick to one sound. Stick to the hard c and hard g. Never use â€Å"Circus† for the letter C. Never use gymnasium for the letter g. Or the vowel Y sound for the letter Y (Yellow, not Yodel.) Don’t try to get children to master the consonant sounds in the middle or final position until they are 100% with lower case d, p, b, and q. Vowels:  When teaching the vowels, stick to words that start with the short vowel sound, a is ant, not auto, aardvark, or Aspergers (none of which start with the short a sound.) Stick to short vowels, since they will be the glue for single syllable words. In Wilson Reading, a direct instruction program for reading, these are called closed syllables. Problems with Letter Orientation. Back in the 70s, reading professionals focused a lot on â€Å"dyslexia† with the belief that the primary problem was a letter or word reversal. It is true there are some children who do have a problem with letter orientation, but often learning disabled children have weak left-right orientation. We have noticed that young learning disabled children often have poor coordination and lack muscle tone. Multisensory Approaches to Letter Recognition Multi-sensory approaches are good to help learning disabled students build strong directionality. Hand over hand students who are not starting their letters correctly. This is not a place for creativity. Lower case d’s are circle stick. Lower case p’s are tail and circle. In that order. Always.   Sand writing: Wet sand in a dishpan or a wading pool. Have the children working on letter recognition make the letters as you call them out. Then give each of the children a turn to call out a letter for the others to make. Stick to one or two problem letters: b and p, g and q, or r and n. Try using a ruler for your letter bases.Pudding writing: Be sure hands are clean before initiating this activity. Tape waxed paper or clear wrap practice in on a table surface, and spoon out some chocolate (or another favorite) pudding on the paper/wrap. Have children spread the pudding out, like finger painting, and write the letters in the pudding as you call them out. Licking is allowed. Be sure to have plenty of paper towels handy.Sidewalk writing: Have your students write letters with sidewalk chalk as you call them out.Letter tag. Write letters on a hard surface playground. Stick to the ones you are focusing on. Call out a letter: anyone standing on the letter is safe. Call out another letter : the children need to run to another letter to be safe.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 8

Case Study Example s a partnership with its major competitors like the University Hospitals Health systems (Porter and Teisberg, 12), it can gain several ideas including practices and services offered. Furthermore, there are instances when the patients prefer the main campus, an indication that the services provided at the community and county hospitals are minimal (Porter and Teisberg, 5). Therefore, Cleveland Clinic should also consider addition of new services in community branches. Generally, as a recommendation, Dr. Cosgrove should consider adopting these strategies because they will help in ensuring that the clinic offers more effective services to its patients, and also ensure satisfactory services in community and county hospitals. Cleveland Clinic’s focuses much on retaining and growing the existing clients (Exhibit B). In other words, the clinic aims at providing the best services to the patients so that it can ensure patients’ satisfaction, thereby receiving more new patients or retaining continuing patients. Generally, according to the clinic’s rationale, when it focuses much on the experience that the patient has, then it would be easier to recognize whether the patients get full satisfaction from the services provided. The clinic therefore, focuses on the â€Å"patient first† (Porter and Teisberg, 9) aspect in order to ensure the satisfaction of the patients. As a result, the clinic has applied some strategies, for instance; For years the clinic established an open record policy, but currently the clinic has created a system whereby the records are included online as personal health records. In addition, the clinic, since 2012, has ensured an elevated access to electronic patient information, starting with the lab results. As a result of these changes, patients have an online access to the physicians’ notes for review after a visit. Since the clinic made decision to make it easier for their patients to see the physicians, it came up with a system whereby the

Wars and Religion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Wars and Religion - Research Paper Example We have also used religion to explain certain things in the past that we as a people could not explain, understand or accept, such as the ancient Greeks using their gods to explain how the sun rises and sets, or how Zeus used lightning. Not everyone believes in the same deity, in fact not all religions and beliefs have only one deity. Some have many gods, like Hinduism or Ancient Greek and Roman beliefs. Other beliefs do not have deities but instead, are about worshiping ancestors or objects. And for some reason, weather it is because of a lack of understanding, conflict of belief, and other factors, wars have been fought over religion. Religious wars have been part of man’s history almost as long as religion its self, and our history books are filled with conflicts, persecutions, wars that have been waged in the name of religion. This paper’s purpose is to take a look at some of these religious struggles and discuss happened in the events and provide some feedback abou t them. This paper will focus on certain wars and struggles throughout history that have had significant effects on our civilization as a whole. There will be some key points about these conflicts that will be stressed in this paper namely; how the conflict began, who were included in the conflict, some main points about the conflict such as political effects and justifications, and finally, how it ended. This paper will focus mainly on known and historical wars and conflicts and break them down with the key points mentioned above. It will attempt to make brief, concise and objective comments and analysis of these wars. The wars and conflicts that will be discussed and analyzed in this paper are as follows: †¢ The persecution of Christians in the Ancient Roman empire †¢ The crusades †¢ The Islam – Hindu conflict in India †¢ The Jewish state of Israel and its conflicts †¢ The attacks of September 11 on the United states †¢ Conclusion The persecuti on of Christians in the Ancient Roman Empire. For those who are not very familiar with history, it may be hard to understand that there was a persecution of Christians in Rome, since we now know of the religion known as â€Å"Roman Catholic† but despite the confusion, there was a mass persecution of Christians in ancient Rome. Before Rome became a Christian symbol, it first was a place of pagan religion. An article by mariamilani.com provides us with a bit if insight as to what happened during this time. The growth of the Christian church during this time meant that the Christians were also Roman citizens and because of the speed at which they multiplied, they were, as the article says â€Å"more than a religion amongst many but rather like a state within a state†. Now at first, the people of Ancient Rome were liberal and fine about the idea of worshiping different deities depending on their needs, and Rome its self was alright with its citizens worshiping whichever de ity they please as long as they do not go against the state. As for the treatment of Christians, it was not at all that bad at first. Some places were very neutral of Christians while other places even celebrated it. The problem came when the emperors of Rome began to follow a more oriental style of rule being that they were to be considered living gods that ruled over Ancient Rome and in order to pay respect to the state, a citizen would have to worship the Roman emperor. This now, was very much against the Christian belief since they have a monotheistic belief. Added to this is that fact that, according to the article, â€Å"they were following a law which had a point of reference which was not